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| Yogyakarta |
The city of Yogyakarta is one of the major cities in Java which is the capital and administrative center of Yogyakarta Special Region, and at the same locus for the Sultan of Yogyakarta and Duke Pakualam.
One district in Yogyakarta, namely Kotagede Sultanate of Mataram had become the center between 1575-1640. Palace (Palace), which is still functioning in the real sense is the Palace Ngayogyakarta and Puro Pakualaman, which is a fraction of Mataram.
History
Although missing from the historical record since the transfer of central government Medang Kingdom in the 10th century to the east, the valley in the south of Mount Merapi, since the 15th century still reputedly inhabited by many people and become part of the region known as Pengging. In the chronicle of his journey, Bujangga Manik, a hermit prince of the Kingdom of Sunda never pass through this region, but did not mention the name "Yogya" or that resemble.
Forerunner of the city of Yogyakarta is Kotagede region, now one of the districts in the city of Yogyakarta. The first ruler of the Islamic Mataram Palace, Panembahan Senapati (Sutawijaya), was established in a Babakan which is part of the forest Mentaok (base Mentaok). The complex is now the oldest remaining palace as part of a stone fort, cemetery, and mosques. Having had to move twice (in the palace and palace Pleret Kerta, both located in the Bantul district), administrative center of the Sultanate of Mataram switch to Kartasura.
The history of the city entered a new phase following the signing of the Agreement between Sunan Pakubuwono Giyanti III, Prince Mangkubumi (which crowned the Sultan Hamengkubuwono I, and VOC on February 13, 1755. The agreement is divided into two Mataram Mataram East (called Surakarta) and Mataram West (which later called Ngayogyakarta)
Yogyakarta as the center of a new political administration was officially established in Prince Mangkubumi (Sultan Hamengkubuwono I) end the rebellion he led, had the power of the remaining half of the territory of Mataram, and allowed to set up the palace at the place known today. Date of commencement of this palace, October 7, 1756, now used as the anniversary of Yogyakarta.
Expansion of the city of Yogyakarta running quickly. Township-village outside the walls of the palace named after the palace of the unity of forces, such as Patangpuluhan, Bugisan, Mantrijeron, and so forth. In addition, also built the region for people of non-indigenous background, such as Kotabaru for Dutch people and Chinatown to the Chinese. This grouping pattern is common in the 19th century until the 20th century, before the end of colonialism. Many of them now a district name in the area of the city.
There are old sites that ruins lives, especially those established in the early days but later abandoned because of damage due to the massive earthquake that struck in 1812, as Warungboto tetirahan site, which was founded by Sultan Hamengkubuwana II and the site at Taman Sari, which was established in the palace walls Sultan Hamengkubuwana I. Beringharjo market has been known as a place of commercial transactions since the palace stood, but the new permanent building was established in the early 20th century (1925).
The second half of the 19th century is a period of modernization of the city. Lempuyangan station first built and completed 1872. Yogyakarta Station (Tugu) commenced operations on May 2, 1887. Yogyakarta in the early 20th century is a city that quite advanced, with electricity networks, roads and cars to trains horses long enough, and many hotels and shopping centers (Jalan Malioboro and Beringharjo market) are available. Local football associations, PSIM, founded on September 5, 1929 with the name of the United Soccer Sports Mataram.
Yogyakarta city is also playing politics history of Indonesia, on January 4, 1946, the Government of the Republic of Indonesia decided to move the capital city of Jakarta to Yogyakarta after the Dutch with the Allies launched an offensive to Indonesia. The city is also a witness to the Dutch Military Aggression II on December 19, 1948, which in turn can be occupied by the Dutch, as well as the General March 1, 1949 attack that successfully mneguasai Yogyakarta for 6 hours.
Tombak Kyai Wijoyo Mukti The Heritage is a sultan's palace of King Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono X. The spear was made in 1921 during the reign of Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono VIII. Weapons are often used these soldiers have a length of 3 meters. Spear with prestige Wos wutah wengkon with dhapur kudhuping this gambier, landeannya 2.5 meter wooden walikun, namely the type of wood that has been commonly used for the shaft and have been tested and keliatannya violence.
Earlier this spear kept on the ward Pracimosono and before it is submitted in advance dijamasi by KRT. Hastings Negoro, in dalem Yudonegaran. Wijoyo naming new Mukti Many diagnostic done the day before the handover ceremony to the municipal government of Yogyakarta, on the anniversary of the birthday of the 53rd Government of Yogyakarta city on June 7, 2000. Ceremony conducted at the Town Hall page and heritage of this special escorted by soldiers Palace "Bregodo Mantrijero Soldiers."
Spear Kyai Wijoyo Wijaya Mukti symbolizes Wijoyo conditions. That is, a true victory in the future, where all levels of society can feel the pleasure of mentally and physically because of the achievement level of prosperity that is really uneven.
Geography
The city of Yogyakarta is located in the valley of three rivers, the River Winongo, Code River (which divides the city and the culture into two), and River Gajahwong. The city is situated at a distance of 600 KM from Jakarta, 116 km from Hyderabad, and 65 KM from Surakarta, on the crossing route Bandung - Semarang - Surabaya - Pacitan. The city has a height of about 112 m above sea level.
Although located in the valley, the city rarely experienced flooding due to drainage systems are arranged neatly built by the colonial government, coupled with the addition jealous plumbing done by the City Government of Yogyakarta.
Aircraft
Air transportation to and from Yogyakarta is served by Adisucipto International Airport which is situated on the shores of the Way Adisucipto KM 9, Maguwoharjo Village, Kecamatan Depok, Sleman regency. The airport serves domestic flight to the big cities in Java (Jakarta, Bandung, Surabaya), Sumatra (Batam), Bali, Kalimantan (Pontianak, Banjarmasin, and Balikpapan), and Sulawesi (Makassar).
In addition, the airport is also served daily flights to Singapore and Kuala Lumpur with Malaysia and Indonesia airline AirAsia flights.
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