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| Surabaya |
The city of Surabaya is the capital of East Java province, Indonesia. Surabaya is Indonesia's second largest city after Jakarta. Metropolis with a population of approximately 3 million inhabitants, Surabaya was the center of business, commerce, industry, and education in eastern Indonesia. Surabaya well known as City of Heroes because its history is very calculated in the struggle for Indonesian independence from the colonizers. Surabaya word reputedly comes from the mythical story of the battle between the sura (shark) and aged and eventually became the city of Surabaya
History
Surabaya Majapahit Kingdom was once a gate, which is at the mouth of Kali Mas. Even today a city of Surabaya is set as the date of May 31, 1293. The day was actually a day of victory Majapahit led troops against the forces of Raden Wijaya Mongol empire of Kublai Khan's envoy. Mongol armies who came from the sea is described as a fish Suro (shark / bold) and Raden Wijaya troops who come from the land described as Boyo (crocodile / danger), so it literally means the courage to face the coming danger threatens. So the victory day is celebrated as the anniversary of Surabaya.
In the 15th century, Islam began to spread rapidly in areas of Surabaya. One member of the wali sanga, Sunan Ampel, build mosques and Islamic boarding schools in the area Ampel. In 1530, Surabaya became part of the Sultanate of Demak.
Following the collapse of Demak, Surabaya, Mataram Sultanate conquest subject: Panembahan invaded Senopati year 1598, a massive attack by Panembahan Seda ing Krapyak in 1610, attacked by Sultan Agung in 1614. Blocking the flow of the Brantas River by Sultan Agung Surabaya finally forced to surrender. Year 1675, Trunojoyo from Madura seize Surabaya, but eventually dumped the VOC in 1677.
In the agreement between Pakubuwono II and VOC on the date of 11 November 1743, Surabaya handed over his command to the VOC.
At the time of the Dutch East Indies, Surabaya residency status as the capital of Surabaya, whose territory also includes what is now the regency of Gresik, Sidoarjo, Mojokerto and Jombang. In 1905, the Surabaya municipality status granted (Gemeente). In 1926, designated as a provincial capital Surabaya, East Java. Since it developed into a modern city of Surabaya, the second largest in the Dutch East Indies after Batavia.
Prior to 1900, the center of Surabaya only revolve around the Red Bridge only. Until the 1920s, new residential growth areas such as Darmo, Gubeng, Sawahan, and Ketabang. In 1917 built a modern port facility in Surabaya.
February 3, 1942, the Japanese dropped bombs in Surabaya. In March 1942, Japan managed to seize Surabaya. Surabaya then subjected to Allied air attack on 17 May 1944.
After World War II ended, on October 25, 1945, 6000 British-Indian troops of Brigade 49, Division 23, led by Brigadier-General Walter Sothern Aulbertin Mallaby landed in Surabaya with the main command disarm the Japanese army, militia and Indonesian soldiers. They are also assigned to take care of former prisoners of war and repatriate the Japanese troops. Japanese troops surrender all their weapons, but the militia and more than 20,000 Indonesian troops refused.
October 26, 1945, agreement reached between Mr. Suryo, the Governor of East Java with Brigadier Mallaby that Indonesian troops and militias do not have to surrender their weapons. Unfortunately, a misunderstanding occurred between British troops in Surabaya with the British army headquarters in Jakarta, led by Lieutenant General Sir Philip Christison.
October 27, 1945, at 11:00 noon, the British Air Force Dakota aircraft dropped leaflets from Jakarta, Surabaya Indonesia, commanded all the armies and militias to surrender their weapons. The Indonesian-led troops and militia angry when I read this leaflet and think Brigadier Mallaby fails to fulfill the agreement dated October 26, 1945.
October 28, 1945, Indonesian troops and militia attacking British troops in Surabaya. To avoid defeat in Surabaya, Brigadier Mallaby requested that President Sukarno and the commander of British troops Division 23, Major General Douglas Cyril Hawthorn to go to Surabaya and seek peace.
October 29, 1945, President Soekarno, Vice President Mohammad Hatta and Information Minister Maj. Gen. Amir Syarifuddin Harahap with Hawthorn went to Surabaya to negotiate.
By day, October 30, 1945, reached agreement that was signed by President Soekarno and 23 Division Commander Major General Hawthorn. The contents of this agreement is held gunfire stops and British troops will be withdrawn immediately from Surabaya. Major General Hawthorn and to 3 RI leaders leave and return to Jakarta, Surabaya.
In the afternoon, 30 October 1945, Brigadier General Mallaby around to different post of British troops in Surabaya to inform about the agreement. When approaching British troops heading in the Internatio building, near a red bridge, car Brigadier General Mallaby was surrounded by militia who previously had surrounded the building Internatio.
Thinking that his commander would be attacked by the militia, British troops led company D Major K. Venu Gopal opened fire on the militias to disband. The militia thought they were being attacked / shot at British soldiers from the Internatio building and returned fire. A British officer, Captain R.C. Smith threw a grenade toward the Indonesian militia, but missed and instead fell right in the car Brigadier Mallaby.
Grenade exploded and burned cars. As a result, Brigadier Mallaby and his driver were killed. Initial reports provided by the British troops in Surabaya to the headquarters of British forces in Jakarta, said Brigadier General Mallaby was killed was shot by the Indonesian militia.
Lieutenant General Sir Philip Christison was furious to hear the death of Brigadier Mallaby and deploy 24,000 additional troops to take control of Surabaya.
9 November 1945, English spread the ultimatum for all Indonesian troops and militia weapons immediately handed over to British troops, but the ultimatum was ignored.
10 November 1945, Britain started bombing Surabaya and fierce battle lasted continuously for 10 days. Two British plane was shot down troops RI and one passenger Brigadier General Robert Guy Loder-Symonds was badly injured and died the next day.
20 November 1945, England managed to master Surabaya with the victims of thousands of soldiers were killed. More than 20,000 Indonesian troops, militia and residents of Surabaya were killed. The entire city of Surabaya in ruins.
This battle is one of the bloodiest battles experienced by British troops in the decade of the 1940s. This battle shows the sincerity of the Indonesian people to maintain independence and repel invaders.
Because of intense fighting and the loss of life, after the battle, the number of British troops in Indonesia began to be reduced gradually and replaced by Dutch troops. Battle on 10 November 1945 up to today is remembered and celebrated as Heroes' Day.
Geography
Surabaya is located on the shores of the northern coast of East Java province. Territory adjacent to the Madura Strait in the North and East, Sidoarjo regency in the South, and Gresik regency in the West. Surabaya is in the lowlands, a height between 3-6 m above sea level except in the southern part there are 2 gently sloping hill that is in the Tongue and Gayungan height between 25-50 m above sea level and in the west a little bumpy. There Surabaya Mas River estuary, which is one of the two fractions Brantas.luas River area surabaya city is 374.36 km2.
Economy
As a metropolitan city, Surabaya became the center of economic activities in East Java and the surrounding area. Most of the population is engaged in services, industry and trade. Many large companies headquartered in Surabaya, such as PT Sampoerna Tbk, Maspion, Wing's Group, Unilever, and PT PAL. Industrial estate in Surabaya Surabaya Industrial Estate including Rungkut (SEER) and Margomulyo.
Today there are dozens of big malls and dozens of large supermarkets. Well-known modern shopping centers including: Tunjungan Plaza, Pakuwon Trade Center and the Supermall Pakuwon Belle (one building), Galaxy Mall, Golden City Mall, Junction lathe (BG Junction), Royal Plaza, City of Tomorrow (Cito), Surabaya Town Square (Sutos ), Hi Tech Mall, Grand City Mall, Maspion Square, Building MEX, Pasar Atum Mall, ITC Surabaya, Plaza Marina (formerly Ray Fontana), and Surabaya Plaza Surabaya community better known as the Delta Plaza and most recently at this time is Empire Palace, which also is the first wedding mall in Indonesia. While traditional shopping centers such renowned Turi Market, Market Atom, and Darmo Trade Center (DTC), which formerly was Wonokromo Market.
Culture
Surabaya is known to have unique art:
• Ludruk, is a performing arts drama which tells the life of everyday people.
• Remo Dance, is a welcome dance which is generally devoted to a special guest
• Kidungan, is the poem which are sung in rhythm, and contains elements of humor
In addition to the above typical arts, culture arek call (as typical of Surabaya), translated as Cak for men and for women Ning. In an effort to preserve the culture, every election is held once a year Cak & Ning Surabaya. Cak & Ning Surabaya and the finalists chosen an ambassador of tourism and youth icon of Surabaya.
Each festival is held once a year Cak Durasim (FCD), which is a festival of art to preserve the culture of Surabaya and East Java in general. Cak Durasim Festival is usually held in Building Cak Durasim, Surabaya. There was also the Surabaya Art Festival (FSS), which raised all sorts of art forms such as theater, dance, music, literature seminars, exhibitions of paintings. performers usually apart from arts groups in Surabaya also originated from outside Surabaya. also enlivened step on-screen movie playback, the exhibition T-shirts and so forth. held once every single year in the month of June at the Youth Center
Public universities in Surabaya
• University of Airlangga (Airlangga University) is the oldest college, located in downtown.
• Institute of Technology (ITS) is one of the leading technical universities in Indonesia, and is known for excellence in robotics technology and shipping / maritime.
• State University of Surabaya (Unesa, formerly was IKIP Surabaya)
• IAIN Sunan Ampel
• Naval Academy
• University Trunojoyo
Private universities
• University of Hang Tuah
• Wijaya Kusuma University Surabaya. (UWKS)
• University Narotama (UNNAR Surabaya)
• Ciputra University (UC)
• Universitas Pelita Harapan (UPH)
• College of Communication - alma mater Journalist Surabaya (STIKOSA - AWS)
• University of Surabaya (Ubaya)
• Petra Christian University,
• Unika Widya Mandala,
• Ciputra University,
• August 17, 1945 University of Surabaya.
• College of Management and Computer Engineering Infomatika Surabaya (STIKOM)
• Institute of Applied Science and Technology Surabaya (iSTTS)
• National Development University "Veteran" East Java,
• PGRI Adi Buana University Surabaya
• University Dr. Soetomo (Unitomo)
• Muhammadiyah University of Surabaya (UMS).
• Bhayangkara University of Surabaya (Ubhara Surya).
• Free University of Surabaya (Surabaya Unmer)
• Nations University Putra Surabaya (UPB)
• University of Sunan Giri (UNSURI) Surabaya.
• Surabaya Institute of Construction Technology (ITPS).
• Institut Teknologi Adhi Tama Surabaya (ITATS).
• Informatics Institute of Indonesia (IKADO).
• Higher School of Tourism "Satya Widya" Surabaya.
• College of Economics Indonesia Surabaya.
• College of Economics Perbanas Surabaya (Perbanas)
• College of Economics IBMT Surabaya
• Wijaya Putra University (UWP) Surabaya.
• Universitas Widya Kartika Surabaya (UWIKA)
Plane
Juanda International Airport, is an international airport serving the city of Surabaya, East Java and the surrounding areas. Juanda Airport is located in District Sedati, Sidoarjo regency, 20 km south of Surabaya. Juanda International Airport is operated by PT Angkasa Pura 1.
The airport has a runway length of 3000 meters. Juanda Airport which has an area of 51,500 new m², or about two times higher than the old terminal which is only 28 088 m². New airport is also equipped with a parking facility covering an area of 28,900 m² that can accommodate over 3,000 vehicles. The airport is expected to accommodate 6 million to 8 million passengers per year and 120,000 tonnes of cargo per year.
The new airport has 11 airbridge or garbarata. Juanda Airport has operated a new start date of November 7, 2006, although only inaugurated on November 15, 2006 by President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono. New Juanda Airport consists of three floors.
New Terminal is divided into two terminals: Terminal A or Terminal B or Terminal International and Domestic Terminals. Garuda Indonesia airlines domestic flights use Terminal A as their domestic departure terminal, while Terminal B as their domestic arrival terminal. All international flights were flying Garuda Indonesia or landed from Terminal A.
Most flights at the new terminal is already using garbarata / elephant's trunk, but still there are still using a ladder, especially for domestic planes.
DAMRI buses provided by local governments that can deliver passengers to the terminal several main / Bungurasih a cost of Rp 15,000, -. In November 2006, coinciding with the opening of the new airport, new bus transportation system started operating.
Interesting places
• Areas of special interest: Ampel (religious tourism), Cak Durasim Cultural Park, Kya Kya Kembang Jepun Surabaya in the region, the G-Walk, and Beach Kenjeran.
• Park: Bungkul and Bratang.
• Monuments and museums: Tugu Pahlawan, Monumen Submarine, mpu Tantular Museum, The Museum House of Sampoerna, Mayangkara Statues, Monuments Bamboo Runcing, Jales Veva Jaya Mahe Monument, Museum 45, Sculpture Bull Race, Monument Bhayangkara.
• Historic buildings and cultural heritage: Grahadi, Surabaya City Hall, Balai Pemuda, Internatio, Red Bridge, East Java Governor's Office, Submarine Monument, the Hotel Majapahit Mandarin Oriental, Port Kalimas, Office Pelni, XXII PTPN Building, Building of Bank Niaga, PT Building Artho Ageng Energy, Hotel Ibis Surabaya.
• Attractions: Surabaya Zoo
• Place of baptism: Darmo Grand, Manyar pool, Swimming pool Marina, Ciputra Water Park.
• Convention hall: Hall Companion, Youth Center, Plaza Tunjungan, garrison, the National Building, Gita Tamtama, Gramedia Expo, Indosat, Maranatha, Maspion Convention Center, taps, Function Room Bank, Surabaya Mall, World Trading Center, Hall KB, Airlangga University Building, Women's Building, IMA Building, Multipurpose Building STE, Graha ITS, Christ the King, Tri Buana Tungga, DPD Golkar East Java, Religious Affairs Building, Wisma SIER, Convention Hall decision, DHD Building 45, Grand City.
• Landmark : Patung Suro & Boyo, Jembatan Suramadu
Shopping center:
• Mall: Plaza Tunjungan, Atomic Mall, Surabaya Town Square, the Grand City Mall, Galaxy Mall, Surabaya Plaza (Delta Plaza), Pakuwon Trade Center, Supermal Pakuwon Beautiful, Royal Plaza, Golden City Mall, Plaza Marina, Red Bridge Plaza, City of Tomorrow, Empire Palace, WTC, Darmo Trade Center, Wholesale Center Surabaya, Lencmark, Central Point, East Coast Center, Cotton Krampung Plaza, JS Plaza, BG Junction, Hi Tech Mall, Tunjungan Electronic Center, Maspion Square, ITC Surabaya, Dupak Wholesale , Mangga Dua Center, Ciputra World.
• Modern: Sinar Supermarket 24 hours, the Rays Jemursari, Carrefour Golden City, Carrefour BG Junction, Center Point Carrefour, Carrefour Rungkut, Carrefour Ahmad Yani, Tandes Macro, Macro Waru, Giant Maspion Square, Giant Mayjend Sungkono, Mulyosari Giant, Giant Wiyung, Hi Mall-Tech (computer center), Tunjungan Electronic Center, World Trade Center (phone center), Red Bridge Plaza (JMP) and Surabaya Wholesale Center (PGS).
• Traditional: Atomic Market, Pasar Turi, Wonokromo Market, Market Add New Rejo, Tile Market, Market Kapasan, Pucang Market, Market Blauran.
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