- High ground of West Sumatra, namely: Bukit Barisan Mountains.
- Region or Piedmont foothills and meeting the children when entering the river lowlands.
- Northeastern seaboard.
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| Palembang |
Palembang City is the oldest city in Indonesia at least 1382 years old if based Sriwijaya inscription inscription known as the Mount position. According to a framed inscription in June 16 682. At that time the ruler of Srivijaya was founded Wanua in the area now known as the city of Palembang. According to the topography, the city is surrounded by water, even submerged by water. Water is sourced either from rivers or swamps, as well as rain water. Even today the city of Palembang, there are still 52.24% of the land that is inundated by water (data of Statistics 1990). Likely because this is the ancestral condition of the people of this city named this city as a dent in the Pa-Pa or Pe Malay language as the word designate a place or situation; while the valley or coquettish means low land, valley because of long roots that swell under water (according to Malay dictionary), whereas according to the Malay language, Palembang, dented or coquettish is a puddle of water. So Palembang is a place that is flooded by water.
This natural condition for the ancestors of Palembang people into their capital to exploit it. Water becomes a vital means of transportation, economical, efficient and have a range and have a high speed. In addition to natural conditions, as well as the strategic location of this city who are in a network capable of controlling the traffic between the three unitary areas:
The three unitary region is very mementukan local factors in the formation of cultural pattern that is civilization. Local factors that form a network and commodities with high-frequency have been formed in advance and managed to encourage local people to create the growth pattern of high culture in South Sumatra. Local factor is what makes the capital of Sriwijaya Palembang, which is a political and economic power in the classical era in Southeast Asia region. Sriwijaya glory taken by the Sultanate of Palembang Darussalam in middle age as a respected empire of Srivijaya Nusantara region, as well as other forms of government in Southeast Asia at that time, the shape is known as port-polity. Understanding Port-polity simply began as a redistribution center, which gradually took over some form of increase in the progress that is contained in a broad spectrum. Growth center of a Polity is entreport which resulted in additional to the wealth and cultural contacts. These results were obtained by local leaders. (in terms of Srivijaya's called the datu), with these results is the basis for the use of economic power and political domination in Southeast Asia.
Palembang is one of the metropolitan city in Indonesia and is geographically located between 2o 52 'to 3o 5' south latitude and 104o 37 'to 104o 52' East Longitude with an average height of 8 meters from the sea. The total area of 400.61 km2 of Palembang city administration which is divided into 16 districts and 107 villages. Palembang is the capital of South Sumatra Province which borders the north, east and west with Banyu Asin regency, while the south by the Muara Enim regency.
Kilkenny city is the natural state of the tropics relative valley, with an average temperature of most areas of the city of Palembang 21o-32o Celsius, rainfall 22-428 MML per year. Based on data from the Meteorological Station
In 2003 the average air temperature ranges from 23.9 º -32 º Celsius, 24.04 ° -32.60 ° Celsius (2004), 22.44 ° -33.65 ° Celsius (2005), 26.4 º -28.9 º Celsius ( 2006) and 21.2 º -35.5 º Celsius (2007). In 2007, the largest rainfall fell in April with a total rainfall 540 mm 3. While the air humidity in 2007 an average of 80%, the average wind speed of 20 km / h with the largest direction of the northwest, and the average air pressure at sea level of 1009 mbar and in the mainland amounted to 1007.5 mbar.
Protected areas in the city of Palembang can be classified into two types, namely forest (5.68%) and swamp (3.83%). For the forest itself consists of various types of land use, such as conservation areas (46.91 ha) and areas of cultural heritage (21.75 ha).
Based on geological conditions, Palembang has a diverse reliefs consisting of a layer of alluvial soil and sandy clay. In the southern part of town, as rock permeability clay sand, rocks north of waterproof clay sand, while the western form of clay rocks, gravel, sand clay until water breakthrough water-resistant.
In terms of hydrological conditions, the city of Palembang by River Musi split into two major parts called Seberang Seberang Ulu and Ilir. Kilkenny City has 108 tributaries. There are 4 major rivers that cross the city of Palembang. Musi River is the largest river with an average width of 504 meters (1350 feet wide longest being around Kemaro Island, and the shortest width of 250 meters is located in the vicinity of the Musi Bridge II). The three other major rivers are the River Komering with an average width of 236 meters; Ogan River with an average width of 211 meters, and the River Keramasan with an average width of 103 meters. Besides the great rivers there are other small rivers located in Seberang Ilir function as urban drainage (there is an active tributary ± 68). Small rivers have a wide range between 30-20 meters. In the flow of these rivers have built retention ponds, so that it becomes part of the border river. Musi River water level is strongly influenced by tides. In the dry season river flow decreased, so that the Musi River water level reaches a minimum height. River flow patterns in the city of Palembang can be classified as a dendritic stream pattern, which means that a tree branch, which was formed by the main river (River Musi) as a tree trunk, while the kids of the river as a tree branch. River flow patterns such as these reflect that, river flowed area has flat topography. With the hardness of rock is relatively the same (uniform) so that the surface water (run off) can grow large, which would eventually form the flow pattern of the river (river channels) that spreads to river catchment area (catchment area).
The function of the river in Palembang City is as a tool to inland river transportation, but now has undergone many changes, among others, functions as a drainage and for flood pengedalian. The function of the children of the river which was originally a water catchment area, has been dumped for many social interests that change its function into settlements and other economic activity centers, where the average rate over the functions is estimated at ± 6% per year. The geomorphic landscape changes in geomorphic units in the city of Palembang related to: the sedimentation of the river which is responsible for the siltation of the river or the cause of the narrowing (bottle neck) as in the Mariana District Seberang Ulu I; mining river sand or gravel on the riverbed, which will affect the deepening of the basin; utilization in bentaran river plains to settlements, rice fields and other activities that will impact on river flow, and the presence of illegal logging in the headwaters of rivers.
Based RTRW Palembang 1999-2009, approximately 30% of the total area of Palembang is a swamp which consists of reclaimed swamp and marsh protection. Swamp the existing structures in the city of Palembang is also influenced by the tides of the Musi River and other rivers that flow into the Musi River. Swamp geomorphic unit is generally characterized by the formation of a larger basin, with relatively shallow depth, relatively stagnant pool of water (the inundation does not flow, all time), and even in some locations also found marsh areas that have been dried or no watering except in rainy season. Geomorphic unit mainly marsh dominated much of the western region, eastern region, the area Seberang Ulu I, II and Seberang Ulu Palembang. In this unit also found that relatively few basins deeper when compared to some surrounding areas, and shape the landscape is overgrown by aquatic weed, commonly called the "valley". This area is known for its water catchment area that is widely used for flood retention pond that is in the District of West Ilir I, Kambang Iwak Talang Ilir Ants in the Eastern District I, retention pond Siti Khodijah Hospital, retention pond and retention pond next police chief in District Ilir Kenten East II.
Topography of Palembang, in general is low with an average altitude of + 4-12 meters above sea level, with the composition: 48% of the land is not waterlogged plains, 15% of the land is seasonally inundated and 35% of the land were flooded continuously throughout the season. The location of the highest areas located in Bukit Seguntang West Ilir District I, with a height of about 10 meters above sea level. While the condition of the lowest areas in the Lais River area, District of Ilir Timur II. Kilkenny City is divided into regions with horizontal tofografi until sloping, with slope ranges from ± 0 - 3o and areas with undulating topography with slopes ranging between ± 2-10o. Most of the Kilkenny City area is a sloping lowland soil with an average height + 12 feet above sea level, whereas areas that bergelumbang found in places like Kenten, denies Bukit, Bukit Talang Siguntang and Reed-Gandus.
There are differences in the character and topography between Seberang Ulu Seberang Ilir. Seberang Ulu region generally have a relatively flat topography and most of the original ground surface is below the maximum tide Musi River (± 3.75 m above sea level), except for lands that have been built and will be built where the land surface has undergone hoarding and reclamation. Seberang Ilir section area found the variation of topography (elevation) from 4 m to 20 m above sea level and encountered the use of micro-use and valleys of "continuous" and there are no steep topography. Thus the topographical aspect in principle no limiting factor for the development of space, either the slope or slopes greater.
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