 |
| Canada |
The capital of Canada is Ottawa, where national parliaments and also the residence of Governor General and Prime Minister. Is a former French colony and the United Kingdom, Canada is a member of La Francophonie and the Commonwealth.
Canada is the largest country in North America. Area 9,970,610 square kilometers of Canada.
Canada classified the developed world and its economy depends mainly on the availability of abundant natural outcome.
The capital of Canada is Ottawa, where the Parliament of the country is located. Governor General of Canada, who runs a personal privilege which sent the kingdom, and the Prime Minister, who is head of government, have official residence in Ottawa.
Originally a union with the former French colonial empire and the British colonies, Canada is a Commonwealth Realm. He is a founding member of the UN, the Commonwealth and La Francophonie. Canada has two official languages:
* France is the majority language of Quebec, and is widely used in New Brunswick, and also used in eastern Ontario, north and southwest, and in certain communities throughout Atlantic Canada and Western Canada.
* English is the language of the majority in other places with the exception of some communities and the Nunavut territory where the majority of the population speaks Inuktitut.
Canada is an industrialized and technologically advanced, well off the energy supply due to availability of fossil fuels, nuclear energy, and hydroelectric power. Its economy depends on the number of natural resources and trade, particularly with the United States, where Canada has a broad and long relationship (see US-Canada). Though modern, the Canadian economy remains widespread, natural resources remain as forces that control the nation's economy.
Canada has 10 provinces and 3 territori.
Other main cities include Montreal, Vancouver, and Calgary. See List of cities in Canada.
The name "Canada" is believed to come from the Huron word-Iroquoia Kanata, meaning "village", "settlement" or "collection of huts"
Canada has been inhabited by indigenous peoples (known in Canada as a Nation Canada) for more than 40,000 years. The Scandinavian expedition to visit around 1000, briefly lived in the place known as L'Anse aux Meadows.
Claims of Great Britain in North America began when John Cabot reached the place he called "Newfoundland" in 1497. French claims began with the exploration of Jacques Cartier (from 1534) and Samuel de Champlain (from 1603). In 1604, French settlers, who became known as Acadia, is the first Europeans who live permanently in Canada, followed by other French settlements in the St. Lawrence and the Atlantic Canada region.
British settlements were established along the Atlantic seaboard and around Hudson Bay. With the expansion of French and British colonies, and the war between France and Britain in Europe, French and Indian War broke out as much as four times from 1689 until 1763. In the Agreement of Paris 1763, France gave the United Kingdom almost all of New France, including Acadia and what it consists of Quebec and Ontario in the present. Great Britain established the colony of Nova Scotia, Lower Canada and Upper Canada. New colony similar to the current legal right of the Province of Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island was formed immediately. Canadas cooperate membentukKanada. Combined with the Cape Breton Nova Scotia.
During and after the American Revolution, many British Loyalists left the Thirteen Colonies unruk settle in Canada. Other settlers during this time of the explosion came from Europe, especially the British Isles.
In 1812, the War of 1812 began when the United States attacked Canada, in the experiment further destruction of the British Empire was afraid if being attacked. The people of Canada against, and set the burn down the White House was in a surprise attack, make the Americans held a cease-fire.
On July 1, 1867, three colonies - Canada, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick - acknowledged the United Kingdom a constitution, the British North America Act, creating the Dominion of Canada. Consisting of the province Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Quebec (formerly Canada East), and Ontario (formerly Canada West). The term "Confederation" refers to the 1867 union of this Act.
Colonies and other British territories immediately following the Canada: of 1880, including all regions of Canada except Newfoundland and Labrador current, which joined in 1949. Westminster Act 1931 to establish self-government for Canada. Patriasi Canadian constitution which occurred when the British government mengegolkan Canada Act 1982.
In the second half of the 20th century, some citizens, especially citizens of Quebec French speakers watch independence / sovereignty in two referendums held in 1980 and 1995. In the 1980 referendum vote for independence is 60%; the 1995 Quebec referendum on independence vote was 50.6%.
Canada occupies the northern half of North America. He is bordered by the U.S. in the south and the northwest by Alaska. The country stretches from the Atlantic and Davis Strait in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west, which became the motto of this country. To the north lies the Beaufort Sea and Arctic Ocean, Greenland is located in the northeast.
Since 1925 Canada has claimed a portion of the Arctic ranging from 60 ° B and 141 ° B. Northernmost residence in Canada (and worldwide) is a Canadian Forces Station (CFS) Alert on the northern tip of Ellesmere Island - latitude 82.5 ° N - just 834 kilometers from the North Pole.
Canada is the world's second largest country in area, after Russia, covering about 41% of North American continent. Most of Canada is located in the Arctic, however, and thus Canada has only the fourth most unused land after Russia, China and the U.S.. Population density was 3.2 people per square kilometer, which is unusually low compared to other countries. 80% of Canadians live within 200 km from the U.S., the climate and soil are best planted in the entire country. While Canada covers a wider geographical area than the immediate neighbors, only a ninth population.
Densely populated parts of this country is the valley of the Great Lakes-Saint Lawrence River in the east. North of this country is protection of Canada are spacious, clean tergosok local stone by the end of the ice age, thinly landless, rich in minerals, and extracted with lakes and streams - over 60% of the world's lakes are located in Canada. Canadian Guards surrounded the Hudson Bay area.
Canadian Shield to the Atlantic Coast in Labrador, the province of Newfoundland and Labrador uata. The island of Newfoundland, the easternmost region of North America, is at the mouth of the Gulf of Saint Lawrence, the world's largest estuary, and the first area inhabited by the Europeans. Canadian waters protrude eastward from the southern coast of the Gulf of Saint Lawrence, between the bay to the north and south Atlantic. Province of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia are separated by the Bay of Fundy, Atlantic branch that experienced the largest tidal variations in the world. Prince Edward Island is Canada's smallest province.
In western Ontario, Canada's vast grasslands and flat consists of the province of Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta, spread toward the Rocky Mountains, which divide the province of Alberta and British Columbia.
Northern Canadian vegetation ranging from conifer forests to the barren Arctic tundra and finally in the far north. Northern Canada is surrounded by a vast archipelago consisting of some of the largest island on Earth.
Canada is famous for its cold climate. Winter here can be very rough in many areas, with the risk of blizzards and ice storms and temperatures reaching as low as -50 ° C can occur in the North. Coastal British Columbia to be an exception: he has a winter climate that is lighter than other places.
In densely populated areas, Panasa season ranges from warm to quite hot, reaching more than 30 ° C in Montreal and 15 ° C Iqaluit, Nunavut. In Vancouver, the temperature is usually between 0 to 25 ° C throughout the year, but in some places in the meadow, the temperature can be as low as -40 ° C in winter and as high as 35 ° C in summer. In the Great Lakes region, the temperature ranges from -30 ° C to 35 ° C. The country is experiencing four distinct seasons.
Canada's provinces and territori
Canada consists of 10 provinces and 3 territories. These provinces have a large degree of autonomy from the federal government, while the territorial somewhat less have it. Each has a symbol of the provinces and territories.
The provinces are responsible for most of Canada's social programs (such as health care, education, and welfare) and together collect more revenue from the federal government, and is something that is unique among federations around the world. The federal government can initiate national policies that can be rejected by the province, but in reality this rarely happens. "Equation payments" made by the federal government to ensure uniform standards and tax service in accordance maintained between rich and poor provinces.
Criminal law is the primary responsibility of the federal government, and uniform throughout Canada. However penjalanannya is the responsibility of the provinces, most provinces to run services to the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP). RCMP is the only police force in the world to run three different legal penjalanan levels: municipal, provincial, and federal.
10 provinces that are unicameral, appoint legislators to the government headed by Prime Minister who is selected in the same manner as prime minister. Each province also has a lieutenant governor who is not a real government representing the queen, was appointed on the recommendation of Prime Minister of Canada.
Most of the political climate of the province including the provincial colleagues on 3 national federal parties. However, some provincial parties is not officially associated with the federal party that gets the same name. Some provinces have regional political parties, sepertiPartai Saskatchewan.
Political climate of the Province of Quebec is quite different, with the main divisions between separatism, represented by the Parti Quebecois, and federalism, represented by the Parti Liberal du Québec.
3 territories that have political power which is smaller than the province, has diciptakanoleh national law by the Parliament rather than the status of those who have been enshrined in the Constitution. There is no lieutenant governor to represent and fulfill the function of the queen. Commissioners who are appointed by a politically neutral federal government to act as the "Government of Canada's senior representative." Only the Yukon area legislators who follow the same political system as a provincial legislator. The other two territories use a consensus government system with no parties, who each filed as an independent member, and the premier appointed by and from members.
The relationship between the federal and territorial governments have been tense. Many conflicts between the 2 levels of government have become between the use of revenue sources and funding. The poverty rate in the territory has remained large because of isolation, extreme difficulty and cost of goods supply, and scarcity of jobs.
Economic
Canadian economy is now approaching the United States with market-oriented system economic, production patterns, and high standard of living. In the last century, tremendous growth in production, mining, and service sectors has transformed this country from rural to urban industrial economy. Energy can be met alone, Canada has a lot of natural gas reserves on the east coast and the three western provinces, and also many other resources.
Canada has successfully avoided economic recession after 2001 and has maintained the best economic growth in the G8 group. With the many natural resources, skilled labor, and modern capital plant, Canada enjoys solid economic prospects.
Shadowed by two difficulties, the first is the political differences over the constitution between Quebec and other Canadian. This has raised the possibility of separation in the federation. However, because the economy has been strengthened, especially in Quebec, has eased fears of disunity.
Attention of other long-term concern is the flow of professionals to the south (USA), which is called "Spending Brain", because lured by high pay, low taxes, and high-tech opportunities. Simultaneously, "Importation of the Brain" also occurs, with the entry of educated immigrants (especially from developing countries) to Canada.
Language
Canada's two official languages are English and French. On July 7, 1969, the French language equal to English through the federal government. It started as a process that defines Canada as a bilingual and multicultural state in the federal level.
* English and French have equal status in the Parliament of Canada, the federal courts and in all federal institutions.
* Every person has the right to criminal trial in English or French.
* People have a right, if there is sufficient demand, to receive federal government services in English or French.
* The official language minority groups in many provinces and territories have the right to be taught in their language.
* Because the multicultural is official policy, to become a citizen one must be able to speak either English or French.
* Nearly 98% of Canadians speak either English or French or both.
New Brunswick is the only officially bilingual province, a position which specifically guaranteed the Charter of Rights and Freedoms, with its citizens who have the same right language at the provincial level, as all Canadian citizens have at the federal level. Some provincial governments, particularly Manitoba and Ontario, offers many services in minority French population.
The official language of Quebec is French, as defined by the Charter of the French language that protects the use of French language, but also provides certain rights to speakers of English and native languages. Quebec government provides many services in both French and English.
French language is spoken mainly in Quebec, Ontario, New Brunswick and Manitoba south. In the 2001 census, 6,864,615 people registered French as mother tongue, of which 85% live in Quebec, and 17,694,835 people registered French as mother tongue.
Languages other than an official language are also important in Canada, with 5,470,820 souls who register language is not an official language as official language (3 above statistics also include people who register more than one language). Among the group of non-native language the official language of all the Chinese (853,745 mother tongue speakers), especially Cantonese (322 315), Italy (469,485) and Germany (438 080).
Indigenous groups
Constitution Act 1982 recognizes three main groups of indigenous people in Canada: Indigenous Peoples, Inuit and Metis. Native population is growing almost 2 times as fast as any other resident in Canada. The natives set about 3% of Canadians, or roughly 790,000 people. Approximately 69% are indigenous, 26% and 5% Inuit Metis.
Now, more than 50 different languages spoken by indigenous people, most of which is spoken only in Canada. However, all but a bit in decline. In the Northwest Territories and Nunavut, there are 11 official languages: English and French with special status, and 6 native languages: Chipewyan, Cree, Dogrib, Gwich'in, Inuinnaqtun, Inuktitut, Inuvialuktun, North Slavey, and South Slavey. The only indigenous language that can be trusted fully tersokong currently are Cree (72,885 speakers with native language), Inuktitut in the NWT and Nunavut; 29,010 speakers), along with the Cree and Ojibwe, Ojibwe speakers will set up 150 000).
Culture
Canadian culture largely influenced by culture and tradition as a result of British and French colonial past. In addition, Canadian culture has also been influenced by American culture because of its proximity to the two countries and the migration of people, ideas, capital, and politics across the border. Although the inherited culture, Canadian culture has developed many unique characteristics. In many ways, Canadian culture is more robust and clearly has grown in recent years, mainly because the sense of nationhood which include Canada in the years that followed the Hundred Years' surrender and Canada in 1967, and also because a focus on programs to support the arts and Canadian culture by the federal government.
The Europeans early help from the foundation of Canadian culture. During the colonization of Canada the settlers wrote a lot of folklore about the land around them. Paul Bunyan story is a product of French-Canadian folklore and dance styles quickly grak from Newfoundland found their home in Ireland.
Many movies, authors, TV shows and musicians are equally popular in Canada, and vice-versa across the border. Many cultural products of the types that are now leading more and more sold on the market "North America" united, and not specifically a Canadian or American.
U.S. and Canadian governments receive a variety of community workers who are close to the issue of trade, economic, and legal firms.
Because Canada and the U.S. have grown closer, many Canadians have developed complex feelings and concerns, regarding what makes Canada the nation that "different" in North America. The presence of a large American culture has prompted some fears of "cultural expropriation," and has initiated the formulation of many laws and government institutions to protect Canadian culture. Most Canadian culture remains defined differently by American culture (see Canadian Identity).
In recent years, Canada has increasingly distinguished itself from the U.S. with a more liberal social policy and fiscal policy more conservative. Government of Canada (and the broader Canadian) support the idea of universal health care, gay marriage and decriminalization of marijuana. At the same time, they have supported the budget that fit, tax cuts and free trade. The Canadians also tend to live in or near urban areas are very large, such as Toronto, Montreal, Vancouver, Winnipeg, Ottawa, Calgary, and Edmonton.
Visit Sotokan for Daily Updated Hairstyles Collection
No comments:
Post a Comment